Influence of the diesel pilot injector configuration on ethanol combustion and performance of a heavy-duty direct injection engine

Thanks to its properties and production pathways, ethanol represents a valuable alternative fossil fuels, with potential benefits in terms of CO 2 , NO x soot emission reduction. The resistance autoignition necessitates an ignition trigger compression-ignition engines for heavy-duty applications, which the current study is diesel pilot injection. simultaneous direct injection pure as main fuel through separate injectors experimentally investigated single cylinder engine at low high load point. influence nozzle hole number size injector on combustion performance evaluated based timing sweep using three configurations. tested configurations have same geometric total area one, two four sprays. relative amount injected swept between 78 – 89% 91 98% energy basis load, respectively. results show that mixing-controlled achieved all maximum efficiency variability levels are line conventional combustion. one-spray most robust ignition, it allows limit achieve higher efficiencies compared other However, two- four-spray lead indicated levels. observed difference dynamics broadens knowledge various operating conditions, providing insight necessary optimization ethanol-diesel dual-injection system.